Jochen Keller, Armen Sedrakian
Once formed in a supernova explosion, a neutron star cools rapidly via neutrino emission during the first 10^4-10^5 yrs of its life-time. Here we compute the axion emission rate from baryonic components of a star at temperatures below their respective critical temperatures T_c for normal-superfluid phase transition. The axion production is driven by a charge neutral weak process, associated with Cooper pair breaking and recombination. The requirement that the axion cooling does not overshadow the neutrino cooling puts a lower bound on the axion decay constant f_a > 7.4 10^{9} T_{c9}^{-1} GeV, with T_{c9} = T_c/10^{9} K. This translates into a upper bound on the axion mass m_a < 10^{-3}\, T_{c9} eV.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.6940
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